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Gunpowder, also referred to as 'black powder', was the only known chemical explosive until the mid-nineteenth century. It contains potassium nitrate, or 'saltpeter', which is an oxidiser, and a combination of charcoal and sulphur serves as fuel. There is academic consensus that gunpowder was initially invented in China as early as the ninth century. This led to its use in fireworks and in gunpowder weapons.